Article 22 - Goods Receipt

Article 22 - Goods Receipt


Article 22: What is Goods Receipt (GR) in SAP MM?

What is a Goods Receipt?

A Goods Receipt (GR) is a transaction in SAP MM that confirms the physical arrival of materials into a plant or storage location, resulting in an increase in stock[1]. It's a pivotal process in the supply chain where externally procured or internally produced goods become part of your company's inventory[1].

When do I post a Goods Receipt?

  • Purchase Order deliveries: When vendors deliver materials you ordered
  • Production completion: When finished goods come from manufacturing
  • Internal transfers: When materials arrive from other plants
  • Return from customer: When goods come back from customers

What happens when I post a Goods Receipt?

Stock Impact:

  • Inventory increases in the receiving storage location
  • Stock quantities update in real-time for planning purposes
  • Reserved stock is consumed if materials were reserved

Document Creation:

  • Material Document: Records the physical movement details
  • Accounting Document: Records the financial impact (for valuated materials)

Which SAP modules are involved?

  • MM (Materials Management): Handles inventory updates and material movements
  • FI (Financial Accounting): Records financial postings and valuations
  • PP (Production Planning): For production-related receipts
  • QM (Quality Management): For inspection and quality control

What types of Goods Receipt exist?

GR Type

Purpose

Common Usage

Against Purchase Order

Receive vendor deliveries

Most common type

Against Production Order

Receive finished goods from manufacturing

Production environments

Without Reference

Receive goods without specific document

Initial stock, found items

Against Reservation

Receive materials for specific purposes

Project materials


Why is Goods Receipt mandatory?

  • Inventory accuracy: Maintains real-time stock levels[2]
  • Financial compliance: Triggers proper accounting entries[2]
  • Purchase order history: Updates PO status for buyers[2]
  • Audit trail: Provides complete documentation of receipts



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